How to manage cross-border complexity

List of contents of this article:

• 1,How to manage cross-border complexity How to use the data analysis tool R and RStudio?
• 2, r language Can't draw a straight line
• 3, r What is software
• 4, How to use the plot function in R language to draw a line diagram Figure
• 5, R language visualization and drawing 10--ggplot2 theme function

How to use the data analysis tool R and RStudio?

1. The use of the R Console console: We can enter scripts in the R Console for operation, drawing and analysis. For example, we enter the operation: 1+2 and press the Enter key. It can be seen that the system pops up a 3 in the next line, which is a bit similar to the operation of cmd.

2. First, use appropriate functions to import data, such as readtable or readcsv, which can read data files into r. Secondly, use head or sUmmary and other functions can view data, the head function can display the first few lines of the data, and the summary function can display the summary information of the data.

3. The Rstudio interface is simply divided into four windows. From left to right, they are program editing window, workspace and historical information, program running and output window (console), drawing and function package help window. At the same time, a triangle appears on the right side of the line number, indicating that all programs under part1 annotation can be folded.

4. The most common statistical method is the average. When the number of times and frequencies are different between different data sets, the average can be used to compare.

5. The setting method is as follows: first find the option in the tool menu in RStudio, and then find the global option, where you can set the font size.You can also use the chunk option to set the actual size of the graphics, as well as change the color, size, etc.

6. Start a new R language data analysis new project, manage scripts, pictures and files. Recommended methods: open Rstudio, create a new Rproject, and create a new script (the script is stored in the generated Rproject folder).

r language straight line can't be drawn

1. If the xy coordinate axis is shared, select the XY column of all data, and then select the line type in the plot.

2. Draw a linear relation diagram with standard errors in r language to open the file and enter several groups of data with linear relationships. Select these data with the mouse and click the "Insert" option in the menu bar. In the insert menu, select a scatter diagram.

3. Click "Custom Shape Tool" under the toolbar 2: Select the custom "Shape" and select the shape style you need 3: Draw directly on the layer.

4. Use plot to draw in the for statement, and only points are drawn.Because the BER variable in plot (SNR, BER, -ro) is a single value. Therefore, if you want to draw a straight line segment, you should consider the numerical variable, that is, the BER variable is an array variable.

What is r software

r is a powerful stock analysis software with many advantages, making it one of the favorite tools for investors. For technical analysis and fundamental analysis, r software has a high degree of customizability and can be personalized according to the needs of users.

R is a free, free, open source software belonging to the GNU system, which is an excellent tool for statistical calculation, data analysis and statistical drawing. As a free statistical software, it has UNIX, LINUX, MacOS, WINDOWS and other versions can be downloaded for free.

R is a free source code software licensed by GPL. It was originally released by Ross Ihaka and Robert Gentleman of Auckland University in New Zealand in 1997. R achieves basically the same functions and statistical functions as the S language. Now it is developed by the R core team, but users all over the world can contribute software packages.

R language is an implementation of S language. S language is an interpreted language developed by AT&T Bell Labs for data exploration, statistical analysis and drawing. The original implementation version of S language is mainly S-PLUS.

How to draw a line diagram in the plot function in R language

1. The method is incorrect. A line chart is a diagram that connects a series of points by drawing line segments between them. If the method of drawing a line chart in the r language is incorrect, only three points will appear, and these points will be sorted in one of their coordinates (usually x coordinates) values. Line charts are usually used to identify trends in data.

2. xlim/ylim is used to specify the range of the x-axis and y-axis of the diagram, using the format: xlim=c (x1, x2), ylim=c (y1, y2). Xlab/ylab is used to add labels to the x-axis and y-axis of the figure. The format is: xlab=xlab, ylab=ylab.

3. That is, draw a line outward, and the height is half a line of text; observe the coordinate axis scale line in the lower left corner of Figure 1 cex control the value of symbols and text size in the default state, which is used to indicate how many times the default drawing text and symbols are enlarged.

R language visualization and drawing 10--theme function of ggplot2

1. The main purpose of the theme function is to adjust the theme of the diagram. As shown in the figure below, the theme is mainly divided into whole graph plot, coordinate axis axis, legend legend, panel panel and facet element facet. Among them, the modification of the coordinate axis theme is often used, such as the modification of the common coordinate axis font size.

2. theme controls finer display points, such as font size and background color.

3. R language Advanced visualization drawing system: introduction to ggplot2 ggplot2 is a set of graphic grammar proposed in The Grammar of Graphics/The Grammar of Graphics, which abstracts graphic elements into freely combined Elements, similar to the layer accumulation in Photoshop, ggplot2 superimposes the specified element/mapping relationship layer by layer, and finally forms the graphic.